Pathophysiologically substantiated methods of treatment of acute calculous cholecystitis complicated by mechanical jaundice

This article analyzes the mechanisms of pathogenesis, clinical course, and pathophysiologically justified treatment principles of acute calculous cholecystitis complicated by mechanical jaundice. Cholestasis, damage to hepatocytes, endotoxemia, and microcirculation disorders, which develop as a result of bile duct obstruction, cause severe metabolic changes in the body. This condition increases the risk of exacerbation of the inflammatory process, spread of infection, and multiple organ failure. The article substantiates a comprehensive approach to treatment based on the mechanisms of staged development of the disease - decompression, antibacterial therapy, detoxification measures, and the use of minimally invasive surgical methods.  The role of early diagnosis and differential approach in increasing clinical effectiveness is also highlighted. It was noted that a deep understanding of pathophysiological processes allows for the selection of individual treatment tactics and contributes to the reduction of postoperative complications.