Publication Details
Abstract
This scientific article presents information on the morphogenesis and characteristic morphological changes of single and multiple Schmorl's hernias that develop in one or more regions of the spine. Schmorl's hernias are characterised by the protrusion of disc material into the vertebral body through the endplate and are also known as vertical intervertebral disc herniation. This condition is commonly associated with structural changes in the vertebral column and can present either asymptomatically or alongside degenerative spinal disorders. The primary cause of Schmorl’s hernias is rapid growth during adolescence, when soft spinal tissues develop more quickly than bone tissue. Consequently, the vertebral endplates remain relatively weak and susceptible to damage. Under mechanical stress, this imbalance can lead to microfractures and rupture of the spongy (cancellous) bone, allowing intervertebral disc material to penetrate the vertebral body. Morphologically, this process is accompanied by the formation of cavities within the cancellous bone due to the destruction of its trabecular structures. These cavities gradually fill with cartilage, connective tissue elements and calcified material. In some cases, additional degenerative changes, such as fibrosis, lipomatosis and calcification, occur. The findings emphasise that Schmorl’s hernias are not merely incidental radiological phenomena, but rather represent significant structural and pathological alterations in the spine. Understanding their morphogenesis is important for early diagnosis, evaluation of disease progression, and prevention of further degenerative complications.