Publication Details
Abstract
Escherichiosis caused by pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli remains an important infectious disease affecting young children. The high susceptibility of infants and toddlers is associated with physiological and immunological factors such as immature immunity, low gastric acidity, and the lack of protective antibodies, particularly in artificially fed children. This study aims to analyze the microbiological, epidemiological, and hygienic aspects influencing the occurrence of escherichiosis in young children. The study was conducted through a literature review of scientific publications from 2016–2026 obtained from international databases and official health organization sources. The results indicate that different pathogenic strains of E. coli, including EPEC, ETEC, EIEC, and EHEC, present varied clinical manifestations ranging from secretory diarrhea to severe complications such as hemolytic uremic syndrome. In addition, the increasing level of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic E. coli strains has become a significant challenge in infection management, emphasizing the need for rational use of antimicrobial therapy based on susceptibility testing. Modern diagnostic methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) play an important role in the rapid and accurate detection of virulence genes. Effective prevention strategies should focus on strict hygiene practices, including proper hand hygiene, environmental sanitation, and hygiene control in families and childcare institutions. An integrated approach combining microbiological, clinical, and hygienic measures is essential to reduce the incidence of escherichiosis among young children.